So far, 2024 has seen stock markets across the globe embark on tearaway rallies to hit fresh lifetime highs as pandemic-era slowdowns and inflation-related concerns abate while rising investor sentiment contributed to the positivity. Among the various indices, Wall Street’s Dow Jones notched its first close above the coveted 40,000 mark on May 17.

Over the past year, the Dow Jones has surged almost 19.7 percent. During this period, various sectors such as banking, real estate, and technology stocks outperformed in America, while consumer stocks fell out of favor. How does the performance of these sectors compare to the performance of their Indian counterparts?

Private Banks

While all eyes have been on the technology space, giant banks in the USA have been recording market-beating outperformance. Even with the global financial strain caused by central banks raising interest rates last year, American banking giants have been on a steady upward trend.

American Express, JPMorgan Chase, and Goldman Sachs were among the top gainers on the Dow Jones in the past year. The preference for large, good-quality banks was driven by fears of risks escalating in some of the weaker banks in the wake of rising rates.

In 2023, regional banks in the USA saw a series of crises. The fall of the First Republic and Silicon Valley Bank, led by higher interest rates, losses on real estate, and increasing defaults caused a shift in the attitude towards smaller banks. Seeking security, investors turned to the stability of banking giants, especially those considered 'to fail.'

Therefore, despite interest rates remaining higher for longer, investors have preferred banking giants which has been reflected in their stock prices.

Unlike the US, in India, the banking system is a dichotomy of public and private lenders. During 2023 and 2024, public-sector banking stocks (PSBs) outperformed their private peers, as concerns about rich valuations kept investors away from private lenders' stocks.

Additionally, the regulatory crackdowns from RBI, such as the regulator barring Kotak Mahindra Bank from issuing fresh credit cards through the online route, added pressure to the private bank counters.

Consumption

Excluding Boeing, which has faced severe scrutiny over security concerns, the other top losers on the Dow Jones during the past year are Walmart, Nike, and Johnson & Johnson which fall under the consumer goods and services category.

As inflationary pressure hit consumption, India and the USA have seen consumption stocks suffer the same fate. In 2023, American consumer staples companies lost favor due to slowing revenue growth, while investors turned their attention to mega-cap tech firms. Defensive stocks were overlooked, as investors focussed on a small group of AI-related, tech mega-cap growth companies.

In India, subdued rural demand, increased regional competition and erratic weather patterns hit the demand for FMCG products, with customers downtrading to cheaper alternatives. As a result, the Nifty FMCG underperformed the frontline index, rising 13 percent as against Nifty 50’s 23 percent gain.

To regain market share, companies in both countries began to increase grammage or slash prices, which has hurt their topline. However, the sector is poised for a turnaround, as inflation is set to cool from current levels, according to analysts.

IT

Other leading Wall Street indices such as the S&P 500 and Nasdaq have also recorded fresh lifetime highs in the recent past. Most of these gains have been attributed to the outperforming IT sector stocks.

From Nvidia to Microsoft, the world’s eyes have been locked on the skyrocketing stock prices of the “Magnificent Seven.” These “Mag 7” stocks are either pure-play technology firms or tech-adjacent, which means the firms see a heavy utilization of technology to enable their products or services.

With the increased usage of AI and semiconductors, the investor appetite for these counters seems insatiable. From around $300 levels, Nvidia shares clocked a meteoric rise of 200 percent in one year to hover around $ 900 levels. This rapid ascent underscores the thirst for mega-cap tech giants seen in America.

In comparison, the Indian IT space is comprised primarily of large-scale IT services companies. International clients contribute a large part to these firms’ toplines, as IT companies export their services to global organizations, usually headquartered in the USA.

However, global clients have adopted a more conservative approach toward investing in technology, especially because of recession fears. This has led to a slowdown in the domestic information technology space. The disruption expected because of AI is also weighing on Indian IT companies.

An island of opportunity, though, is the semiconductor business. The central government is pushing domestic firms to establish semiconductor facilities, so India can fortify its place in the global semiconductor space. The Tata Group and CG Power will be among the first to set up semiconductor fabrication units in India.

Now touted as "semiconductor stocks" ASM Technologies and Dixon Technologies have seen their shares race between 180 to 200 percent over the past year. Other semiconductor-related stocks such as CG Power, Vedanta, and Bharat Electronics have jumped between 80 to 150 percent.